CDPH Lead Inspector/Assessor California State Practice Exam

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What mineral composite was primarily used during lead mining?

Galena
Hematite
Sphalerite
Pyrite

The correct answer is: Galena

Galena is the primary mineral composite associated with lead mining. It is a lead sulfide mineral with the chemical formula PbS and is the most significant ore from which lead is extracted. Galena typically appears in a metallic luster and often contains traces of silver, adding to its economic value. This mineral's importance in lead production stems from its high lead content, which can range from 86 to 87 percent. During the mining and smelting processes, galena is separated and refined to produce lead metal. Understanding the role of galena is crucial for lead inspectors and assessors, as it is essential in identifying sources of lead contamination in the environment and evaluating risks associated with lead exposure. In contrast, the other minerals mentioned do not primarily yield lead. Hematite is primarily an iron ore, sphalerite primarily yields zinc, and pyrite is known as iron sulfide or "fool's gold" and does not contribute to lead production.